Theory of knoledge - How does banking in venice during the 1300 to the Essay

Theory of knoledge - How does banking in venice during the 1300 to the 1400 compare to mondern day banking in venice - Essay Example The town life in Italy cities was bigger than in any other country. During this renaissance period, the governments of various nations were under dictatorship. However, due to the wealth created in the Italian cities such as Venice and Milan, they became autonomous city-states, each of which included an enclosed metropolitan center and the neighboring countryside. In addition, this modernization drove the city-states to create a new social system in the country. Wealth and ability was more important than aristocratic titles and ownership of land. During these times, the wealth merchants of the country together with bankers played a huge role in replacing the aristocrats in the upper class. According to their systems, shopkeepers and artisans were classified below the wealthy merchants, therefore forming a moderate and prosperous middle class that created and gave jobs to most of the poor people. The poor people from the countryside were classified at the very bottom of their social and economic ranking together with the peasants who worked in the co untry estates (Hildreth 5). During the same centuries of spiritual exploration, trade and industry revolution, and territory building, Venice was also a center of intellectual and artistic activity. The city had a huge number of mathematicians, philosophers, historians, and even humanists thrived from the fifteenth to the seventeenth century. The availability of such intellects paved way for major developments in the country. Venice became the printing hub of the country and was the most important printing press anywhere in the world at that time due to its high level of technology innovation. The development of a printing press paved way for the creation of receipts, which would then be used to acknowledge payments. The receipts would then be developed and be used as money to pay or settle for depts. This noble innovation paved way for the creation of banks in Italy

White Privilege Essay Example for Free

White Privilege Essay Introduction Research Question: Do individuals in the Midwest experience the affects of white privilege? During this investigation I seek to explore the differences in privilege that males and females, of different race and ethnic backgrounds, experiences in their daily lives. My fellow Sociology of Race and Ethics classmates and I will conduct Peggy McIntosh’s White Privilege survey, in hopes to find any differences in privilege felt by individuals of varying age, gender, race or class membership. My hypothesis is: According to Peggy McIntosh’s White Privilege survey, she suggests that white people are privileged with what she describes as â€Å"an invisible package of unearned assets, which I (Peggy McIntosh) can count on cashing in each day, but about which I was ‘meant’ to remain oblivious. White privilege is like an invisible weightless knapsack of special provisions maps, passports, code books, visas, clothes, tools, and blank checks† (McIntosh, 1988). I suggest that with the changing of times, and ever growing equality that this distinct idea of white privilege is no longer prevalent. I believe that, McIntosh’s view of white privilege is no longer applicable in today’s Midwestern society and culture. I hypothesize that age will have more of an effect on responses to the survey than that of gender or race. I predict that younger people (below 20) are at a greater risk of feeling â€Å"underprivileged†. For my second hypothesis, I suggest that overall people in the Midwest feel privileged versus not. I believe this because I feel that the social stratification in the US, especially in the Midwest, has declined creating a more equal environment for all. Data Collection I will receive my data though the use of Peggy McIntosh’s White Privilege survey. First I will take the survey, while recording my answers, and then give the survey to ten other individuals, recording their answers in the same format. My fellow classmates will do the same, then all of the information will be then collected and charted accordingly into cross-tabulation tables. Each survey participant will be asked to rate their responses on a 1-4 scale: 1 = Strongly Agree, 2 = Agree, 3 = Disagree and 4= Strongly Disagree. The date responses can than be interpreted as answers of Strongly Agree, and Agree indicating a greater response of â€Å"privilege† – which McIntosh believes suggests members in a majority group. The data will then be organized into cross-tabulation tables. Each table will contain only two variables – one independent variable (gender, age, race, member of the class or not) and one dependent variable (each statement from the survey). After collecting the data a few changes were made: age was recoded into groups of ages, while also recoding all responses of ‘Disagree’ and ‘Strongly Disagree’ into one value for each variable, both to make analysis easier. Race was also recoded into ‘White’ and ‘All Other Races’ to expedite analysis. Also the ethnicity variable responses were found to be unreliable, so that variable was removed before running the data. When reading a cross-tabulation table it is important to remember that in order to interpret the data response, you must look for the differences in the percentages of responses not in the difference in the number of responses. Also, the needed information is, if the independent variable (gender, age, race or class membership) seems to make a difference in how a person responds to the dependent variable (the questions). After all the data has been gathered and charted, I will then compare the findings to my hypothesis. In order to discover whether my hypothesis is true or false I will evaluate the cross tables of age, gender, race and class completed from the collected data. Exploring the Data Younger ages (less than 20) have a larger affect than old age in feeling â€Å"underprivileged†. After analyzing the data, I believe my hypothesis that the ages 18-19 feel underprivileged as compared to the older ages, was correct. This is represented in the findings, that of the ten questions surveyed, exactly one half the questions (five of ten) the age group 18-19 had the highest disagreement percentage compared to the other age groups. No other age group had close to the equivalent outcomes, the closest age group being groups 24-34 and 45-50 both with two. The findings show that in one half of all situations this age group is presented with, they feel as though they are underprivileged as compared to other age groups, but by examining just the 18-19 age group or age as a whole, the majority feel as though the ‘Agree’ they are privileged. This finding is universal through all independent variables. While comparing all independent variables, of the 10 survey scenarios no matter what the independent variable is 70% of the time the participants feel they ‘Agree’ to being privileged. Exploring Data – Midwesterners overall feel â€Å"privileged† versus â€Å"underprivileged† no matter the independent factor. After analyzing the cross-tabulations, I feel as though my hypothesis about the Midwestern society is spot on. The data show’s that across any independent factor (age, gender, race and lass membership) a large majority of the participants surveyed feel as though they ‘Agree’ to being privileged. This is an overwhelming statistic that is constant throughout all independent variables; of the ten surveyed scenarios people agree 70% of the time to feeling privileged. In only, one scenario do people as a whole feel as though they are underprivileged. Overall Analysis and Personal Findings I found the collective results very interesting, especially in the age category. I thought it was interesting that older adults feel less privileged more than or equal to that of middle aged adults. I had assumed, that in our society much like that of the Native American societies that respect and privilege comes with age. I found the data surprising that the age group that tended to feel most privileged was ages 20-21. In four of the ten scenarios, the 20-21 year olds surveyed felt the most privileged or ‘Strongly Agreed’ to the situation as compared to all other age groups. I did not expect this, as the previous age group had felt the most underprivileged in half of the scenarios, and in only an addition 1-2 years, the surveyed participant went from feeling the most underprivileged to the most privileged. I had guessed that the feeling of privilege would gradually increase with age groups, leaving the oldest age group (50 and older) with the highest feeling of privilege. I thought this, not only because society often deems wisdom with age, but also because the older participants surveyed may have grown up in a more dominant white privilege society, and those same feelings and thought processes would still be relevant to the way they feel they fit in society. All in all, I found very interesting facts from the data collected in every category. Things that I had thought would hold true, often did not. Such as, when considering the independent variable of gender, I assumed that women would primarily feel as though they were underprivileged as compared to men, but the data shows other wise. From this survey, men felt more underprivileged as compared to their female counterparts 100% of the time. Another fact that I found shocking was that when considering race as the independent variable. My hypothesis that white privilege was no long prevalent in the Midwest was incorrect. Participants of the ‘Other’ race felt underprivileged in half of the scenarios, and the other half they only ‘Agreed’ to feeling privileged. As compared to their ‘White’ counterparts, feeling privileged 100% of the time. I do believe that in the Midwest, things are moving close to equality as this is seen in at least half or more of the situations both the ‘White’ and ‘Other’ race group feel as though they ‘Agree’ to being privileged. No one group stands out as ‘Strongly Agreeing’ to be privileged for the majority. This tells us, that although there are still instances of white privilege, the Midwestern society is moving away from that and more towards social equality. Works Cited: McIntosh, Peggy. Daily effects of white privilege. White Privilege: Unpacking the Invisible Knapsack. Wellesley College Center for Research on Women, 1988. Tues. 19 Feb 2013. .

Home :: essays research papers

Home is more than just a word in the dictionary. First, and most basic, a house is a roof over people’s heads. Second, a residence is a place to go and truly relax. Third, and most important, a household is a place to laugh and cry with loved ones. A home’s most basic trait is its ability to provide shelter from weather. Rain or snow, a house will always be there. In the cold times of the year, the heater will be there to warm the house. The heat of the summer is no problem for a good home. The ideal dwelling definitely must have a dependable central air conditioner. When located in an area abundant with tornadoes and hurricanes, a home must have a safe place. A storm shelter or a basement is an excellent place to hide. Besides shelter from weather, a home will also provide shelter from the storms of life. When work or school is just too much to take, folks can go home, kick back, and reflect on the good things they might have. Kids can go home to hide from the bullies or the kids with cooties. No matter what the problem is, going home and relaxing can provide some relief from them. The most important thing about home is that it is where loved ones will be. On a good day, they will be there to share. A household is a place to share a funny joke or a good story. A haven is a place where people who care about each other can share a quiet night. More important than providing a place to share good times, a home also provides a gathering place for people who care during bad times. A family residence is a good place to get support for the bad happenings in life. The bad times can range from the death of a family member or friend to just a simple bad

Greek Inspired Architecture in Boston, MA

Greek Architecture in Boston My first discovery of classical architecture was made the moment I stepped outside my apartment, as my building has two Doric columns framing the front door. As I meandered over the hill and across the Common I realized exactly how prevalent classical architecture really is. Elements of classical architecture can be found on almost every building in the old residential neighborhoods and many commercial buildings feature columns and arches as well.I saw all three orders of columns, arches, and even a dome. The only architectural element I was unable to find was a iron vault. The Massachusetts State House, about half a block from my apartment, has many examples of classical architecture including a large gold dome, twelve Corinthian columns, and seven arches visible from outside. The State House, which houses the state legislature and the governor's offices, was built in 1798 by leading architect of the time Charles Bullfinch.The dome was originally made ou t of wood shingles but has since been sheathed in copper and covered in 23 karat gold. (http:// www. Satisfaction. Gob/formalities/mischievousness's. Asp) As far as I observed he arches and columns follow the rules of the classical orders except that the frieze above the columns is blank. I'm not sure if the frieze above Corinthian columns is traditionally blank or not. A pioneer, which signifies the importance of the logging industry in Massachusetts, tops the dome. Http://www. Satisfaction. Gob/formalities/ mischievousness's. Asp) I doubt this would be found on domes of the ancient world. Just as classical architecture was meant to convey power and grace in Ancient Greece and Rome, I'm sure Charles Bullfinch used elements are classical architecture n the design of the State House for the purpose of conveying the wealth, power, and beauty of the government and state of Massachusetts. Another building that incorporates classical elements is the Boston Museum of Fine Art.The current MFC building was built in 1909. There are rows of ionic columns and construction that looks like post-and-lintel. In the area that would be the frieze it says â€Å"Museum of Fine Arts† which could probably be loosely considered a continuous frieze. It was especially interesting to me to see the post-and-lintel type openings since most alluding seem to prefer the Roman's arches over the Ancient Greek post-and-lintel system. The Museum of Fine Art is another building that, due to its purpose, should convey an air of greatness.The last building I would like to use as an example is my apartment building, which was built in 1909. There are likely hundreds of residential apartment buildings in the area whose doors are flanked by a column on each side, particularly the apartments that were built in the early sass. The columns of my apartment building are of the Doric order but the abacus of each is rounded, not angular. (Strickland peg 15) There is a session but no cornice, pedimen t, or any other aspect of the Doric order. At night the columns are illuminated.It is clear by the emphasis the building management places on the columned entrance that they believe it to denote a sense of wealth, greatness, or class. While the State House and MFC certainly do this, I find my building does not quite succeed. It feels that without any other of the classical elements the columns are lacking. It is particularly interesting to me how long classical architecture has been in style. It as been used for centuries on everything from prominent government buildings to much more humble residences.Architecture that was once reserved for temples and important public spaces can now be found on everything from strip malls to pharmacies. An important difference in the use of the classical architectural elements is that Ancient Greeks built in their style partly for the logical purpose of creating a building that will stand. Today, even more so than in Ancient Rome, many aspects of t he architecture are purely ornamental. Http:// consistory. Schenectady. Org/temple-of-portions. HTML

Integration Of Goals Essay

What is meant by the term ‘degree of integration of goals’ and how can we achieve true integration? Goals can be define as the overall objectives, purpose and the desire result that a person or organization will plan to achieve. Organization goals, management goals and personal goals differ from each other. The extent that individuals and groups perceive their own goals as being satisfied by the accomplishment of organizational goals is the degree of integration of goals. In every organization it is very important to achieve the true integration for the success but then it’s not a simple task that can be achieved overnight. True integration can only be achieve when goals of management, goals and employees and goals of organization is achieved. The closer we can get the individual’s goals and objectives to the organization’s goals, the greater will be the organizational performance. So for this the goal of the organization should be clear and achievab le enough so that the management and employees become well aware and set their goals accordingly. One of the popular approaches to achieve true integration is management by objective where the objectives of different parties are defined so that management and employees agree to the objective and understand what they need to do in organization in order to achieve them. The employees get strong input to identifying their objectives, time lines for completion and it includes ongoing tracking and feedback in the process to reach objectives. Making the employees participate in the goal setting can also help achieving the desire goals. These types of participation will help them to create sense of self-actualization. Similarly the style and effectiveness of leadership plays a vital role in achieving true integration. They should be able to influence the behavior of the employees and achieve the desire goal.

Free MCSD Practice Test 70-315

Free MCSD Practice Test 70-315 Instructions for the MCSD Practice Test: Begin The Test Read the question and then click on the checkbox that contains the correct answer(s). The small field to the immediate right of the question will either display Yes if you are correct or No if you have selected the wrong answer. Click on the Explanation button to find out more about the answer and click Next Question to continue the MCSD Practice test. Your answers are not graded, so keep track of the topics which with you had difficulty. There are additional MCSD resources on the final page of the MCSD Practice test so be sure to finish. Good luck! Begin The Test Read the Whizlabs Press Release and find out more about their exams. 16 Practice Questions for the 70-315 Exam Instructions for the MCSD Practice Test: Begin The Test Read the question and then click on the checkbox that contains the correct answer(s). The small field to the immediate right of the question will either display Yes if you are correct or No if you have selected the wrong answer. Click on the Explanation button to find out more about the answer and click Next Question to continue the MCSD Practice test. Your answers are not graded, so keep track of the topics which with you had difficulty. There are additional MCSD resources on the final page of the MCSD Practice test so be sure to finish. Good luck! Begin The Test Read the Whizlabs Press Release and find out more about their exams.

NUCORs History and Development

NUCORs History and Development Introduction NUCOR is one of the largest steel companies in America. It has been in existence since 1955 when after a merger, the REO Motor Company changed to Nuclear Corporation of America. NUCOR’s founding father is Ransom Olds. The company has evolved a lot over its existence. It has been through tough times and survived. This case study looks into NUCOR’s history and development, then analyzes its internal and external environment and finally ends with recommendations.Advertising We will write a custom case study sample on NUCOR’s History and Development specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Nuclear Corporation of America practised growth by acquisition of strategic businesses. However, in the beginning, this strategy failed miserably and the company made huge losses. The turnaround came in 1966 when NUCOR hired a new CEO, Ken Iverson. This visionary leader would transform the company’s fortunes thus leading it to success. Ken Iverson studied Aeronautical Engineering. He then worked for different metal companies. This gave him a lot of knowledge and skills that would come in handy in his job as NUCOR’s CEO. Iverson first encountered NUCOR when the company tried to buy a metal company where he worked. This bid failed. NUCOR hired Iverson to find them suitable metal companies to purchase. When he found Vulcraft, NUCOR bought it on condition that Iverson would run it. He agreed. By the time he was appointed CEO, Vulcraft was the only profitable division of the almost bankrupt conglomerate. Iverson had a great task ahead. Iverson loved technological leadership. He led the company to open its first mini-mill in South Carolina. This was the beginning of the company’s success. The mini-mills were created to serve NUCOR’s other divisions. However, on realizing that other companies needed their services, NUCOR expanded to provide services to them too. Iverson continued to g row NUCOR by strategic acquisition and technological leadership too. Nucor’s Strengths This company has several great internal traits that enabled it to survive its 54 years in operation. The first major strength is its leadership. Ken Iverson led the company for 30 years. Iverson had the necessary technical competence and vast experience to lead a great steel company. He also believed greatly in decentralization, which gave divisional managers enough autonomy to run their divisions successfully. The organizational structure with few layers of management and less bureaucracy was motivating to NUCOR’s people. The second strength was NUCOR’s highly productive workforce. The company motivated its workers by implementing bonus pay schemes that saw them earn much more than their counterparts in similar jobs. NUCOR also avoided laying off its workers even during difficult times. Instead, it froze their wages and reduced the Executive’s wage. Iverson and his tea m also engaged the workers in conversation and kept them well informed about the company’s performance. WAdvertising Looking for case study on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More hen the company made profits, everyone benefitted from the profit sharing scheme. In return, NUCOR’s employees remained loyal and produced more than average. All workers’ children were also included in the education scheme. They also remained non- union for a very long time. After all, there were rarely industrial disputes between employer and employee. The third strength is technology. Iverson made a deliberate effort to keep NUCOR at the frontline of new steel technology. He sought and acquired rights to innovative ways of manufacturing. These methods went a long way in reducing cost. NUCOR also had the best inventory management system in its time. The cost savings the company created were passed on to its consumers in form of reduced price. This helped NUCOR to beat its competitors in a market with a homogenous product with no aesthetic value. The company’s factories are also located close to their major customers. This makes it easy to form strategic partnerships. NUCOR had several offshore joint ventures that enhanced its performance. The most significant of these is Yamato Kogyo, a Japanese firm. This venture increased NUCOR’s technological leadership as it entered the Beaming business. NUCOR started to manufacture wide flange beams. The company also practised backward integration of its supply chain; ensuring raw materials were available when needed. When building its plants, NUCOR considered its major customers. It left enough space for such customers to locate near it. This also reduced transport costs. Nucor’s Weaknesses Weaknesses are internal problems that can result in a company’s failure. Though successful, NUCOR has several identifiable we aknesses. First, most of the company’s plants are located in America. This is a weakness because America is a high-wage country. This means that NUCOR absorbs the cost of this expensive labour into its selling price. Having a high selling price reduces its competitiveness against cheaper offshore imports from countries such as China. NUCOR’s second weakness is the failure to research internally. This means that in order for the company to develop, it must depend on strategic acquisitions and external partners. This is quite risky. Supposing these partners fail to innovate, NUCOR will be stuck in a rut. External cost of Research and Development is also likely to be much higher than if the company carried out its own research internally.Advertising We will write a custom case study sample on NUCOR’s History and Development specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The company is highly decentralized, running the different d ivisions like different businesses all together. This is a weakness because it promotes inefficiency and duplication of efforts. The case study indicates that sometimes as many as six different sales people of the company would visit the same client. This is a huge waste of resources and reflects the company poorly before customers. It shows lack of synergy. Sensitive customers may even get irritated and fail to purchase from NUCOR all together. This will reduce income and profits too. Opportunities NUCOR’s major opportunity lies in becoming a globalized company. It can no longer depend on the American market as its only source of revenue. Lately, the demand for steel in this market has slowed down. This has affected negatively on NUCOR’s revenues and profits. However, there is a huge untapped market for steel in Asia and Africa. This is because developing nations still require a lot of steel for infrastructure construction. NUCOR needs to take advantage of this opport unity and enter these markets. These markets are not as saturated as the American market. This will help it to continue on its growth path. This company has a chance to begin carrying out internal Research and Development. This is the only way to guarantee continuous improvement, which is necessary to survive in this dynamic market. The company already has several divisions with a multitude of acquired knowledge over time. NUCOR can leverage on this knowledge and begin its own internal RD department. Having it internal will help reduce dependency on external partners. NUCOR’s major opportunity lies in becoming a globalized company. It can no longer depend on the American market as its only source of revenue. Lately, the demand for steel in this market has slowed down. This has affected negatively on NUCOR’s revenues and profits. However, there is a huge untapped market for steel in Asia and Africa. This is because developing nations still require a lot of steel for inf rastructure construction. NUCOR needs to take advantage of this opportunity and enter these markets. This will help it to continue on its growth path. This company has a chance to begin carrying out internal Research and Development. This is the only way to guarantee continuous improvement, which is necessary to survive in this dynamic market. The company already has several divisions with a multitude of acquired knowledge over time. NUCOR can leverage on this knowledge and begin its own internal RD department. Having it internal will help reduce dependency on external partners.Advertising Looking for case study on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Threats NUCOR depends on the American market for its major revenues and profits. Unfortunately, this market has become flooded with cheaper imports dumped from foreign countries. Since steel is a homogenous, non-aesthetic product, customers have preferred to switch to these cheaper alternatives. Thus, NUCOR has found it difficult to compete on a global front. The US government tried to salvage steel makers by imposing sanctions and quotas. Commerce players criticized this move. NUCOR needs to find ways to compete sustainably in the global market without depending on government subsidies. Environmental agencies have become quite active in the past decade. NUCOR’s operations are energy intensive hence result in pollution. These agencies have the power to compel NUCOR to take steps to reduce its carbon emissions, which could be quite expensive. If NUCOR fails to comply with their demands, these agencies are capable of calling for boycotts of NUCOR’s products. Steel custom ers have an easy time switching suppliers. The cost of switching is almost zero. This is a threat to NUCOR because businesses are always looking for the cheaper option. If NUCOR’s customers find cheaper options, they will obviously opt to switch. This leaves the company with no source of revenue. NUCOR’s process of production is energy intensive. There has been a general increase in energy costs. This is not likely to reverse soon. This also translates into increased production costs hence increased selling price and thus reduced demand of the company’s products. Demand for steel is also cyclical. This pattern results in high steel prices during some seasons and rock bottom prices during other seasons. The final threat is substitutes. Customers are looking into materials that are lighter but as durable as steel. These alternatives are also likely to be cheaper than steel. If this trend catches on, NUCOR could soon be out of business. Corporate strategy The corpo rate strategy refers to the strategic path taken by the company as a whole in an effort to grow. NUCOR has pursued growth by acquisition, thus creating a conglomerate organization. The first successful strategic acquisition was that of Vulcraft, the joists, and girders producer. This division remained the only profitable one during the troubled ‘60s. In the early years, NUCOR purchased smaller companies in order to acquire the technology they possessed. This enabled NUCOR to maintain a position of technological leadership. In later years, NUCOR continued with these mergers and acquisitions because it was cheaper to buy than build a new plant. The strategic partnership with Japan’s Yamato Kogyo was also an essential part of the corporate strategy. It resulted in NUCOR beginning to use the mini-mill technology. NUCOR’s people are also an integral part of its corporate strategy. The company managed to keep its workers happy and non-union for the major part of its ex istence. NUCOR had an incentive pay programme in place that linked pay and productivity very directly. People knew that if they worked hard, and worked well they would be rewarded. Thus, they strived to do well. This resulted in greater productivity for the company. The people were also kept informed on the company’s performance. This helped them to have realistic expectations about pay. The organization structure also played a part in the company’s corporate strategy. Iverson maintained a ‘flat’ organization structure with few levels of management thus reduced bureaucracy. Division managers stayed in touch with their workers and headquarters avoided interfering with the activities of the divisions. Each division operated as a profit centre, managing its own income and expenses. They were required to provide contribution to corporate profits at year-end. It is difficult to point out NUCOR’s business-level strategy. This is because the corporate stra tegy allowed each division to operate in an autonomous manner provided it was profitable. Such a corporate strategy allows each division to pursue any business strategy it sees fit in its circumstances. Conclusion This case study has detailed the evolution of NUCOR from a bankrupt motor company, to one of the largest steel makers in America. The company prospered under the leadership of a great President, Ken Iverson. Iverson combined both the knowledge and skills necessary to lead such a company. It completed many acquisitions and mergers, which positioned it as a market leader. The company’s greatest strength is its people. They have continued to be productive and loyal to their employer. The greatest weakness is that NUCOR lacks a global presence. In turn, the greatest threat is the cheaper imports from lower-cost overseas producers. The government attempted to protect NUCOR and other steel producers. However, this move is not sustainable. Recommendations NUCOR should keep doing what it is doing well. The company should continue with its personnel policies that have guaranteed a motivated work force over time. The lean organization structure should also be maintained. The company should continue to avoid bureaucracy. The new CEO John Ferriola needs to prioritize internal Research and Development. This will enable the company to find cheaper and more effective production methods. Cheaper steel is the greatest competitive advantage NUCOR can have in a global market. Finally, NUCOR should enter other world markets soon. This will reduce its dependency on the volatile American market. CASE 12-SATELLITE RADIO Introduction The development of Satellite Radio began in 1991 when a venture capitalist, David Margolese invested $1 million in Robert Briskman’s company. This company had designed the unified S Band. This technology was the core of the future satellite radio. Briskman had a great idea, but lacked the funds to implement it. Margolese fell in l ove with the idea and set out to commercialize it. The idea was to provide radio services nation-wide and of high sound quality. This was in contrast to the existing analogue radio that existed locally and faded once one moved out of the locality. This new radio service required the company to put satellites into space to broadcast the signal. Before putting the satellites into space, the company had to purchase a license from the Federal Communication Commission (FCC). This license, together with the cost of satellite installation was projected to be quite high. However, Margolese believed in the idea and was willing to put in the required capital. He projected that this new radio would be operational latest by 1997. Apart from the cost, there was the question of how to convince potential customers to purchase new radios that could support the new technology. This would be difficult since almost everyone already had a radio at home and in his or her car. Secondly, cable TV companie s also provided some form of satellite radio at no cost to their subscribers. It would be challenging to convince people to subscribe to this new radio when they could get the old form free. However, the company did market research and found that customers were willing to pay for superior quality radio. The company also faced opposition from Association of National Broadcasters, which predicted that this new technology might lead to the downfall of local AM, and FM radio stations. This would lead to loss of jobs and local content that residents relied on. XM radio was the second company licensed to provide satellite radio services. External Environment The grand plans for satellite radio faced stiff competition from traditional radio. This radio was already established and relatively free. No monthly subscription was required as opposed to Satellite radio, which required users to pay. In order to counter this hurdle, both XM radio and Margolese’s company –now called Si rus Radio- entered into deals with car manufactures to install their satellite radios during manufacturing. This would force the car buyer to subscribe to satellite radio too. The second threat was internet radio. This is also free as long as the customer has an active internet connection. Unlike local AM and FM, Internet radio had the advantage of ubiquity. Users could access it anywhere in the world. Satellite radio also promised to provide service to the whole country, thus creating competition. The third threat was cable radio that came with cable television. Most Americans already subscribed to cable television. Most cable television companies provided cable radio free with the package. Those that charged did not put a high price to the radio. It was almost free too. Sirus Radio would compete with XM radio for satellite radio subscribers. There was a difference of $2.96 in their subscription fees, Sirus Radio charging the higher fee. Sirus justified this fee with the fact that it aired zero commercials on the music channels. XM radio aired a few commercials and planned to earn money from these commercials rather than charge a high subscription fee. The formats for both radio companies were almost similar, differing in very few respects. Sirus had three motor vehicle companies and XM had two motor vehicle companies as strategic partners. These companies would install their radios in their cars. Threats and challenges These companies needed to install satellites in space to broadcast their signal. Each company planned to install two satellites and have a third one on standby ready to launch in case of emergency. This project would cost Sirus and XM $1.2Billion and $1.1 Billion respectively. They were to be launched in 1999 and 2000. This means that the original timeline for launching the satellite radio was pushed forward by over two years. Margolese’s investment would not pay off as fast as he had imagined. The companies also needed to install repea ters to amplify the sound since America was full of tall buildings that interfered with its path. In addition, special studios were necessary for transmission. Infrastructure for this venture was proving to be quite expensive. Sirus and XM both delayed further in entering the market due to technological problems. Sirus had trouble with its receivers while XM had trouble with its satellites. Sirus took two years to resolve its issues while XM took one. In the end, XM launched nine months earlier than Sirus, in2001. This gave XM first mover advantage. By the end of 2002, Sirus had also launched its services. Unfortunately, XM had ten times Sirus’ customers. This trend continued over time. It was enhanced further by the fact that Sirus charged higher subscription fees than XM. The huge capital requirements meant that these companies would take longer to break even than initially projected. XM, the leading company, hoped to break-even by 2004. This was four years after the initia l launch. XM’s lead was also enhanced by the speed with which its automobile manufacturer firm partners installed XM’s radios. In contrast, Sirus’ partners took much longer to install their radios, hence slowing the growth of their customer base. This delay in launching and long time to break even took a huge toll on Sirus. The company almost went bankrupt in 2002. However, it managed to raise more capital in form of debt and equity to keep it afloat. XM radio also faced cash flow problems in 2003 and sought to raise more capital to survive. The company managed to raise an extra $475 million. This way, it was able to survive the difficult times. XM radio also has some trouble with its satellites. They are degrading faster than expected. This has reduced their useful life by seven years. This will also be an additional capital expense in 2008. The huge capital requirements meant that these companies would take longer to break even than initially projected. XM, th e leading company, hoped to break-even by 2004. This was four years after the initial launch. XM’s lead was also enhanced by the speed with which its automobile manufacturer firm partners installed XM’s radios. In contrast, Sirus’ partners took much longer to install their radios, hence slowing the growth of their customer base. This delay in launching and long time to break even took a huge toll on Sirus. The company almost went bankrupt in 2002. However, it managed to raise more capital in form of debt and equity to keep it afloat. XM radio also faced cash flow problems in 2003 and sought to raise more capital to survive. The company managed to raise an extra $475 million. This way, it was able to survive the difficult times. XM radio also has some trouble with its satellites. They are degrading faster than expected. This has reduced their useful life by seven years. This will also be an additional capital expense in 2008. Competitive Advantage Sirus and XM bo th tried to outdo each other and win more market share. Sirus spent a lot of money signing deals to access exclusive content. The company hoped this exclusive content would motivate subscribers to join its network. The most significant deal was with National Football League and it cost $188 million. Sirus hoped to recover this from increased subscriber numbers. The company also signed Howard Stern for $500 million. This exclusive content was projected to attract new subscribers. XM did not take these moves lying down. They also sought their own exclusive deals to counter. They signed a deal with Major League Basketball that gave them exclusive rights to broadcast their content. Additionally, they signed a shock jock that had previously been banned from radio. These new additions would cost subscribers some extra money. For $1.99 per month, subscribers could enjoy the channels. The deal with Major League Basketball cost the company $650 million. These two companies reduced their comp etition when they signed a deal to develop a common radio that could receive both their channels. This meant that subscribers’ switching costs between the two service providers was now quite low. Financial Performance Initially, satellite radio was projected to be launched in 1997. Unfortunately, this delayed until 2001. On launching, the operating costs were still too high and the companies were projected to break even only after 2004. This did not happen. Analysts pushed this broadcast forward to 2007 for XM radio and 2008 for Sirus Radio. The forecast predicted that in 2007, XM would earn a positive cash flow of $51.1 million while Sirus would still make a loss of $154.2. What had seemed to be a grand business idea that Margolese had planned to invest $500 million in, turned out to be a financial disaster. Over ten years after the original idea was conceived, investors were still pumping money into satellite radio with no tangible returns. This is the mark of a bad busines s idea. It is evident that neither of the two companies carried out proper market research. They were fascinated by the idea and proceeded to invest in it without doing the groundwork. Unfortunately, it failed the test of time. Satellie Radio Today Poor financial performance and inefficient operations led the two satellite radio companies to merge in 2008 to form Sirus XM radio. There was stiff opposition to this move by other stakeholders who believed that a monopoly was not in consumers’ best interests. However, consolidating operations was the only way Sirus and XM would survive. This consolidation proved successful and the new company, Sirus XM posted a profit for the first time in 2009. The company has continued to pursue growth through deals with automobile, aeroplane and boat manufacturers. Conclusion and Recommendation Satellite radio was a noble idea. However, its implementation has cost XM and Sirus much more than the returns. It is unfortunate that so much has alre ady been invested into this idea. The companies, which started out as competitors over ten years earlier, have ended up merging into one. Satellite radios are continuing to be installed in new automobiles. However, drivers are still reluctant to subscribe for this service after the trial period expires. The challenge for Sirus XM is to continue marketing and target the new, younger drivers who are more likely to adapt to the idea.

Accepting Complements

Accepting Complements Accepting Complements Accepting Complements By Mary There are a number of words that people have a hard time keeping straight. Usually these words sound alike, but have very different meanings. For instance, should you say Please accept my complement! or Please accept my compliment!? Accept or Except? Accept is to take or receive something, while except means something is left out. I am proud to accept this award. Everyone except Jim was at the party. Complement or Compliment? Complement is something that complements something else or goes well with it, while compliment is a praise. The new chair is the perfect complement to the rest of the furniture in the room. My boss complimented my performance in the new account presentation. The next time you are including these words in your writing, stop and reflect on the true meaning of the sentence so that you can be sure you made the right choice! Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Misused Words category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:Program vs. ProgrammeOne Fell SwoopHow Do You Pronounce "Often"?

Answer the question Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 5

Answer the question - Assignment Example The case was against the state where Batson v. was a defendant from the U.S supreme court acting as the defendant. He had a great argument that the blacks were of the same fitness as the white people to have a place in the judiciary. The case was first filled in Kentucky, in the state court of petitioner. This case was then discussed in many other courts like the United States’ Supreme Court. Joe Gutmann, who was a prosecutor, agreed that Supreme Court made a good decision since it prohibited lawyers from discerning in jury assortment. He said that the reason of him removing the black was as they were youthful and they might have sympathized with Batson. The case took almost a year to be decided. It was in the U.S Supreme court where the case was decided. Finally, the black society had the right and positions in the judiciary. The violation of their rights as the black was no longer there. Black venire men have excited (Overland,

Parenting licence Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Parenting licence - Essay Example However not every person is a born parent or a natural when it comes to looking after small human beings. We need to see children as human beings who are so often left either unattended or uncared for when parents are busy with their lives. Parents think they know how to be good parents but the fact of the matter is that many parents don't. Some may learn through trial and error but why use a real human being as your experiment's guinea pig. Kids are too precious for this kind of experimentation. Therefore before a couple takes on the responsibility of becoming parents, they should be asked to take classes and sit for an exam in order to receive their parenting license. It is only after they have been successful that they should be allowed to become parents and become responsible for another life. There was once a time when mothers would sit at home and their only job was to take care of their kids. Most women were housewives and since they had time on their hands, they could invest in their kids with sincerity and devotion. Things have changed now. Not only many mothers are working, most also have a life besides home, husband and kids. They may have done women emancipation a lot of good but it has seriously affected lives of small children in many households. Apart from that, some women no matter whether they are housewives or not, may actually find themselves too overwhelmed when they are given the responsibility of a child. They feel they are not natural mothers and this affects their ability to take care of their young ones. For this reason again, parenting license is a great idea. The opponents of the idea would probably find the whole thing quite insensible. They argue that parents have been parenting since time immemorial so why now Why must they take a license when God saw them fit for the job and gave them a kid These arguments may seem fine on the surface but when studied in the context of time and changes, we see their invalidity. The fact is that God doesn't necessarily give kids to people with good parenting abilities. We have already seen cases of people like Spears and Michael Jackson. Secondly, people may have been doing it for centuries but haven't times changed drastically As mentioned earlier, women in olden times had but one concern: to please their husbands and take care of their children. Most women did a great job because they had little else to do and besides even if they did a bad job, they were never reported and children suffered in silence. Why allow that kind of inhumanity when we can change the picture and make lives so much better for these little souls. The opponents also feel that such a system cannot be successfully implemented. They feel that setting the standards would be difficult and how would we urge parents to take parenting courses. There is a simple solution to this: make it mandatory in every hospital across the country so no first time parents are allowed to register without prior registration for parenting classes. They must also carry a proof they are attending these classes and they must get a license before delivery date. This would be quite a simple thing to do and if law protects it, people will not be able to violate it. A poor parent can learn many skills and a potential great parent can become even better. This kind of practice would minimize the risk of a child being neglected or falling into the hands of unprepared,

Administrative Law Judicial Review Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Administrative Law Judicial Review - Essay Example Yardley asserts that judicial review is â€Å"the ultimate safeguard for the ordinary citizen against unlawful action by †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.the more powerful administration5†. In order to be amenable to judicial review, the relevant organisation must be a â€Å"public body6† and it is evident that the Council is a public body under the â€Å"source test7† under the first limb of eligibility. Moreover, the Council’s functions clearly fall within the second limb of eligibility is the â€Å"functions test†, which was established in the case of R v Panel of Takeovers and Mergers, ex parte Datafin8. In this case it was asserted that the relevant consideration was whether the body performed a public function, or alternatively whether its conduct had public law consequences. If these considerations were answered in the affirmative, the body would be a public body9. To institute proceedings for judicial review, Greener World will have to make an application for leave of the court before applying for judicial review and then issue their claim under the Civil Procedure Rules, part 5410. Any claim for judicial review must then have permission of leave of the Administrative Court11. Furthermore, in order to be eligible to make an application, Greener World must have locus standi, which in simple terms is the right to apply for judicial review. This requirement is essential as a filter for the judicial review process, limiting applicants to those who have a â€Å"sufficient interest†. Section 31(3) of the Supreme Court Act 1981 provides that permission for judicial review will not be granted â€Å"unless it considers the applicant has a sufficient interest in the manner to which the application relates12.† The definition of â€Å"sufficient interest† has been interpreted widely13 and was considered in depth in the case of R v Inland Revenue Commissioners, ex parte National Federation of Self-Employed and Small Businesses Ltd14. In this case, the House of Lords asserted that other than

The Consequences of Chernobyl's Disaster and the New Policy of Social Dissertation

The Consequences of Chernobyl's Disaster and the New Policy of Social Defense - Dissertation Example he Chernobyl Disaster 31 Social Defence in the EU following the Chernobyl Disaster 34 Social Defence in the UK following the Chernobyl Disaster 37 Part IV 42 Conclusion 42 Strengths of the Research 44 Limitations of the Research 44 Suggestions for Further Research 45 Bibliography 45 Part I Introduction The Chernobyl accident and its resulting disaster in 1986 illustrates that even the most careful planning on a domestic level will not minimize or remove the risks attending all states with respect to nuclear power plants. The risks associated with nuclear power plants are far more serious than the specific risks revealed by the Chernobyl accident. Essentially, the Chernobyl accident revealed that an innocent accident lacking malicious intent can bring about disaster that goes far beyond the vicinity of the accident itself.4 Separate and apart from accidental damages, even the ordinary functioning of nuclear power plants can create disasters. After all, workers are managing and handlin g dangerous material such as plutonium and uranium which can be deliberately transferred to rogue nations or terrorist for â€Å"non-peaceful use†.5 Moreover, there is always the possibility of military assaults on power plants and deliberate sabotage. Consequences of any of these actions were brought to the fore by the Chernobyl accident.6 The Chernobyl disaster essentially resurrected the debate over nuclear power and managing nuclear power. These controversies drew attention to the risk associated with the proliferation of nuclear weapons, nuclear power plant accidents, repositories for nuclear waste, and environmental and health issues attending radiation fallout.7 More importantly, the Chernobyl symbolized a â€Å"high risk society† in which no one can escape â€Å"man-made disasters† and... The objective of this research is to acquire a better insight the Chernobyl accident and its resulting disaster in 1986. It illustrates that even the most careful planning on a domestic level will not minimize or remove the risks attending all states with respect to nuclear power plants. The risks associated with nuclear power plants are far more serious than the specific risks revealed by the Chernobyl accident. Essentially, the Chernobyl accident revealed that an innocent accident lacking malicious intent can bring about disaster that goes far beyond the vicinity of the accident itself. Separate and apart from accidental damages, even the ordinary functioning of nuclear power plants can create disasters. After all, workers are managing and handling dangerous material such as plutonium and uranium which can be deliberately transferred to rogue nations or terrorist for â€Å"non-peaceful use†. Moreover, there is always the possibility of military assaults on power plants and d eliberate sabotage. Consequences of any of these actions were brought to the fore by the Chernobyl accident. The Chernobyl disaster essentially resurrected the debate over nuclear power and managing nuclear power. These controversies drew attention to the risk associated with the proliferation of nuclear weapons, nuclear power plant accidents, repositories for nuclear waste, and environmental and health issues attending radiation fallout. More importantly, the Chernobyl symbolized a â€Å"high risk society† in which no one can escape â€Å"man-made disasters† and that these disasters are not confined to time and space.

Compare between wired and wireless LAN. List the advantages and Essay

Compare between wired and wireless LAN. List the advantages and disadvantages of each - Essay Example Wired LAN uses coaxial cables or specific wires and network adapters to link devices. Wireless LAN (WLAN) transmits data by air using radio waves, and/or infrared waves and/or microwaves without any physical link to the devices. When wired LAN and wireless LAN are compared, there are generally two main differences: security and medium. However, they also share some major similarilities; for instance, they are mostly Ethernet based networks, both connect through an internet gateway, and using similar types of execution requirements to cope with administration, functionability, and reliability (Ron and Helen, 2008, pg 179) The choice either to install wired and wireless LAN is mainly varied by individual preferences, but in conditions were installing of cables is not applicable, the network nodes are mostly moved, or the physical setting of the network need to be more flexible, thus making a wireless LAN a better choice. The medium used for wireless networking, radio frequency (RF) communications, has some setbacks making a wireless LAN not suitable in all situations. A wireless LAN has advantages that make it more suitable than a wired LAN in some conditions. First, in a WLAN, it is easier to add more computers on the network or move workstations since it operates on radio waves and/or microwaves to support interaction channels connecting the computers (Azam and Razwan, 2009). Secondly, it is the preferred mode of connecting movable or temporal buildings due to its flexibility to connect within the limited range. Thirdly, it is easier to provide connectivity in areas where it is difficult to lay cables due to the medium used. Also, its installation is fast and easy, as there are no requirements to lay the cable through walls and ceilings. Moreover, the network access is accessible from within range of an access point. Generally, the initial cost for WLAN hardware can be similar to the cost of wired LAN hardware, but the installation expenses are greatly

Assignment 2 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 4

Assignment 2 - Essay Example A very good example for this is how manufacturers design the specification of the newer models that are launched in the market. Another result of the global recession is the overwhelming increase of prices of materials used for production in the automobile manufacturing industry. Because of this, production cost for automobiles went up, which resulted to higher capital cost for automobiles. Consumers are not in the mood or rather refraining in engaging in big-ticket purchases, which resulted to low generation of revenue through sales (Crescenzi 2008 p.193). Major automobile manufacturers are now focusing and concentrating in the features and benefits of each model. Since automobile sales have been decreasing drastically over the past year, this proves that the market has lost its capability to buy. And if they could, they become more cautious and concerned about the automobile’s features and the benefits they can get from the automobile. Considering that transportation is one of the most important aspects in everyday life, not only with businesses but households as well, the automobile industry has taken advantage of this aspect to generate demand of supply in the market. This is one strategy to somehow level the ratio of market demand against production and automobile sales. The global recession’s effect in businesses and households is mainly on the income and revenue side. Since prices of petroleum products drastically went high numerous times in the world market these past few months, the need of maximizing revenue and funds against businesses and household expenditures for transportation and automobile maintenance was addressed by upgrading and innovating new automobile features. Engines that are low in maintenance and low fuel consumption had been a recent addition to the newer models that was launched in the market. Non-price competition is a form of traditional automobile market competition that was further inspired by the decrease of

Compare between wired and wireless LAN. List the advantages and Essay

Compare between wired and wireless LAN. List the advantages and disadvantages of each - Essay Example Wired LAN uses coaxial cables or specific wires and network adapters to link devices. Wireless LAN (WLAN) transmits data by air using radio waves, and/or infrared waves and/or microwaves without any physical link to the devices. When wired LAN and wireless LAN are compared, there are generally two main differences: security and medium. However, they also share some major similarilities; for instance, they are mostly Ethernet based networks, both connect through an internet gateway, and using similar types of execution requirements to cope with administration, functionability, and reliability (Ron and Helen, 2008, pg 179) The choice either to install wired and wireless LAN is mainly varied by individual preferences, but in conditions were installing of cables is not applicable, the network nodes are mostly moved, or the physical setting of the network need to be more flexible, thus making a wireless LAN a better choice. The medium used for wireless networking, radio frequency (RF) communications, has some setbacks making a wireless LAN not suitable in all situations. A wireless LAN has advantages that make it more suitable than a wired LAN in some conditions. First, in a WLAN, it is easier to add more computers on the network or move workstations since it operates on radio waves and/or microwaves to support interaction channels connecting the computers (Azam and Razwan, 2009). Secondly, it is the preferred mode of connecting movable or temporal buildings due to its flexibility to connect within the limited range. Thirdly, it is easier to provide connectivity in areas where it is difficult to lay cables due to the medium used. Also, its installation is fast and easy, as there are no requirements to lay the cable through walls and ceilings. Moreover, the network access is accessible from within range of an access point. Generally, the initial cost for WLAN hardware can be similar to the cost of wired LAN hardware, but the installation expenses are greatly

History Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 9

History - Essay Example When the continued governance of the Province of Canada under the terms of the 1840 Act of Union had become impracticable, a Great Coalition of parties was formed to reform the political system. The first Confederation was held at Charlottetown in 1864 followed by the second at Quebec City where the idea of a confederation was explained. Confederation of Canada was the process under which Canada was formed as a confederation on July 1, 1867, when Queen Victoria gave royal assent to the British North America Act on March 29, 1867 (Wikipedia). This Act united the Province of Canada with the colonies of New Brunswick and Nova Scotia. While the BNA Act gave autonomy to Canada, foreign policy remained with the British. This was supposed to improve relations and make the economy stronger. Conscription in WWI worsened the French-British relations. In times of difficulty and dispute law gives a direction. In 1917, The Military Service Act placed restrictions on who could be called for mandatory military service (Alberta, 2002). Farmers were exempted, as their service was required to produce food. This was known as the conscription. The French did not want to go to the war but Canada was drawn into it being a part of the British Empire. Most French Canadian voted against the conscription but the conscription was evoked nevertheless. Later, when due to rising casualties during the war, people kept away from enrolment, the exemptions were removed. This upset the French in Canada and further strained the French-English relations. Front de Liberation du Quebec (FLQ) was founded in 1963 with a view to gain independence for Quebec even if terrorism had to be resorted to (Historica). The FLQ abducted the British Diplomat James Richard Cross and then the Provincial Minister Pierre Laporte on October 5 and 10 respectively. Negotiations between the FLQ and the Quebec government did not make

Literary Criticism Quotes and Explanation Essay Example for Free

Literary Criticism Quotes and Explanation Essay â€Å"Writing is easy. All you do is stare at a blank sheet of paper until drops of blood form on your forehead. † -Gene Fowler Fowler conveys that writing is a difficult, exacting task. The purpose of writing is to put our thoughts into words, and to make our words move our readers. Many writers are frustrated by their inability to put their thoughts onto paper. I have always had a difficult time writing. I find that I have good ideas, but that putting my thoughts into words is challenging. I find this problem in all kinds of writing, even projects I enjoyed like a short story we wrote in the 7th grade. I enjoy reading science fiction; it is the most interesting to me. I have always had a hard time picturing what I am reading in my head, but science fiction is easier to visualize. I dislike non-fiction the most because I find it uninteresting. â€Å"Human speech is like a cracked kettle on which we tap crude rhythms for bears to dance to, while we long to make music that will melt the stars. † -G. Flaubert Flaubert’s message is that human speech is imperfect and inelegant. Many people strive to speak fluently but aspects of their speech like word choice and grammar are imprecise. One way to express yourself when words do not work is body language. For example, if somebody doesn’t understand that you are trying to be sarcastic you can use body language to convey your message. You can also express yourself through art, like paintings or music. Some people also try to express themselves through the way that they dress. One advantage to using these methods is that you do not have to say anything but people can simply interpret your message. This can also act as a disadvantage because they might interpret it the wrong way.

Good and Evil in The Strange Case of Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde by Robert

Good and Evil in The Strange Case of Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde by Robert Louis Stevenson Throughout the story of â€Å"The Strange Case Dr Jekyll and Mr Hyde†, the author, Robert Louis Stevenson, presents his idea of the duality of man- where we all have a dark, wicked side within us, where evil is held in waiting to surface, but we hide it away, we pretend it does not exist, and we keep it tame. He presents this idea by using two protagonists, Dr Jekyll and Mr Hyde, who are actually the same person. One of these characters symbolizes the normal side of a person represented by the respectable Dr Jekyll, who is a typical upper class Victorian, and the other, Mr Hyde, a deformed man, signifies the purest of evil. During the course of this essay I will comment on Stevenson’s presentation of good and evil, and how the two work together to create an outstanding story. The book â€Å"The Strange Case of Dr Jekyll and Mr Hyde† was published in 1886, in Victorian England. The horror story originated from a dream that Stevenson’s had about a split personality and the central suggestion that evil is potentially far stronger than good. When he awoke he immediately set about putting his thoughts into words and finished the first copy in just three days but was forced to burn it because of the disapproval from his wife. He wrote another version, again in just three days. The second copy was published and was an overnight success. The storyline is about a doctor, who stumbles upon a potion, which he finds can change him into an entirely different person physically. Mr Hyde opens the window for evil deeds, through which Dr Jekyll could commit crimes without ruining his good name. At fist Dr Jekyll can control his transforma... ...easily become out of control and then take over your body. Today there are constantly news stories, pictures and bill boards telling you what drugs can do and in Victorian times drugs use and abuse was increasing, especially the use of opium. Lastly, mentioned before was Mr Hyde being described as ape-like, this can show contemporary relevance because of how Charles Darwin brought up the theory of the â€Å"origin of man† in Victorian times. There was an outrage in the 19th century and not many would believe Charles Darwin’s idea, because most people were strict Christians and â€Å"Adam and Eve† was from where they originated. Today in the southern states of America strict Christians still feel very strongly about their faith and still put down this theory. For these few reasons the story Dr Jekyll and Mr Hyde is still very relevant in the modern world of today.

Indentity Loss Essay -- essays research papers

In The Odyssey and The English Patient the main character, Odysseus and Almasy, suffer from a form of identity loss and try to regain it. They both regain their identity through the help of other people. Every person that stumbles across a piece of their past helps them regain a piece of their identity. Because he cannot remember Almasy must get help remembering his past from the people around him. One of his first memories came from the book â€Å"he brought with him through the fire- a copy of the Histories by Herodotus† (Ondaatje pg 16). Hana reads some of the notes that he had written in the book; she reads of the different winds â€Å"the ---, the secret wind of the desert, whose name was erased by a king after his son died within it. And the nafhat—a blast out of Arabia† (Ondaatje pg16-17). Before Hana had read this passage Almasy couldn’t tell her the name of the tribe that had helped him after his plane crashed. â€Å"The Bedouin were keeping me alive for a reason†(Ondaatje pg 18); Almasy was able to recall what had happened to him and who had helped him. Hana had stumbled on a passage that helped Almasy remember what had happened. Odysseus comes across a piece of his identity in a different way. He goes to the island of Kalypso and she promises him that she will make him a god. The challenge that she put on Odysseus was to go to the island of the dead. Once he was at the island of the dead Odysseus realized that he did was not dead and he wasn’t a god, this meant he was somewhere ...

Impact of Use of Color in Yellow Fish by Ambai

Ambai, or C. S. Lakshmi (1944) hailing from Tamil Nadu, India comes on the forefront of modern Indian writers who have made a huge mark in World Literature as a whole. Her works are characterized by her passionate espousal of the cause of women, humour lucid and profound style and the touch of realism. She is one of the most important Tamil writers today, who have been included in the recently published book ‘Picador’ book of Modern Indian Literature by Amit Choudhuri. Most of her stories are about relationships and they contain brilliant observations about contemporary life.Exploration of space, silence, coming to terms with one’s body or sexuality and the importance of communication are some of the requiring themes of her works. The story, Yellow Fish is one of her most passionately feminine works. The imagery used here by Ambai is excellent and encapsulating as the reader finds his/her own passion stirring as the story comes to the end. The used of colours is v ery symbolic in its irony. Through the use of colours, Ambai has tried to depict the objects characteristics, adding more material to the images, like a real life image anyone from her audience has experienced.The ash grey sea, unlike the ‘blue green open stretch of space’ does more to depict the set of mind her narrator possesses at that particular moment of time. The fact that images of the ash-grey sea and horrific colour images of the fisherwomen’s clothes were inserted, ought to give the reader a premonition, of kinds, about the dark turn, the narrative is about to take a little way ahead. With the unwanted, thrown away fish too, comes an upsurge of images with vivid colours, the colour yellow being associated with the pale rusting leaves, that fall, and are left to lie around in the most discarded state.The narrative begins with the vivid description of the scene of fishing boats returning of the sea. It is high summer and the sand is heated up. Images of s ea and water are predominant. There is a juxtaposition of images of faded blue and the ash grey sea. The bright colors of the fisherwomen’s clothes: demonic red, blinding indigo, profound green and assaulting blue, stand vibrant against the white boats and the bodies of the men, darkened by the saltwater, the black hands of the fishermen and the brown of the wood and the white bellied fish.Image of the fish being unloaded is also particularly staunch since the ‘good’ fish is splashed on the troughs, and the rest, that is the ‘bad’ ones are thrown away. The sea and the water are life-giving sources for so many life-forms, but suddenly, our attention is drawn away from the din of the fisher-folk to a little yellow fish thrown away on the sand of the shore. The line catches our attention because Ambai makes it stand out with her expertise of speech, as if almost drawing our attention towards ourselves. The first person narrative fixes the perspective an d point of view of the story.The detail of colour follows as the narrator observes the varying colour schemes in the events. The colour of the fish is yellow, is significantly pointed out to us as it is put into limelight as it is one of the ‘bad’ fish caught by mistake and was brought home. The narrator takes her time to stoop and watches fish shuddering and gasping for breath. It is this image that wrenches the memory of a similar incident of gasping for breath by Jalaja. â€Å"Like Jalaja’s mouth,† stands alone forcing us to think about the abrupt change from one sequence of events to another.We’re taken into the imagery used by Ambai to show us the occurrences on that particular day, rather than actually narrating. The first image is that of the narrator standing outside Jalaja’s room constantly watching her little daughter struggle to survive. The next image is that of the ashes being brought home, in a small urn and the narrator’ s insistence that the mouth of the urn be left open and the ashes to be immersed in the sea. Apparently unrelated are the thematically linked with the deep use of images and metaphors.In both cases we witness an astounding struggle to survive. Gender differences emerge in the difference in attitude of Anu and Arup – Arup who fails to understand why Anu wants the lid of the urn open, and the loud sobs, hint at the intense grief buried in the narrator’s heart. She is trying to help her child breathe as she couldn’t earlier. For Arup it’s just ashes, whereas for Anu, it’s her daughter inside, whom she wants to liberate. Jalaja, born of water, whom she wants to release into the water, the open sea.All the pent-up feelings of helplessness, frustration and grief, that she could do nothing to save her daughter, resurfaces when the narrator watches the yellow fish gasping for breath and thrashing hopelessly to go back to the sea. The arrogant leap of the f ish can be metaphorically interpreted as the endless possibilities if oppurtunities are provided. It also points towards the overriding theme of self- liberation present in all of Ambai’s written works. Anu has also taken a plunge towards freedom from bondage of ideologies from grief taking her towards realization.

Plantation Mistress Essay

In the book, â€Å"Plantation Mistress† (Clinton, 1984) by author Catherine Clinton, it seems that Clinton desires to express her disapproval for the manner in which women were treated so harshly.   She talks about maids brought to our country during the year 1620 and in Clinton’s writing, it is extremely interesting how she gathered her information for this book from letters that were written so many years ago, and even from diaries, suggesting that women from that ancient time period weren’t treated as equals in the deep South and in this slave era and time in our history, the author relays to her readers that there is evidence that cruelty did take place toward women and practices such as using females as workhorses shouldn’t have been acceptable in any time period. Also, many of these women referred to as mistresses weren’t taken care of properly and didn’t even receive the necessary and basic essentials, such as proper toiletries or fo od. They were treated like second class citizens and weren’t considered as good as men.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   We gather a   new appreciation for maids as we read Clinton’s writing and feel regret for those who had to suffer because of neglect and misunderstanding. Clinton teaches us that all humans were created as equals and all women and the slaves from that same time period were regarded less than human.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   It’s interesting to be able to read some of those old letters that were written so many years ago so that we have a greater appreciation for women who lived on these plantations in the deep South.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  REFERENCE PAGE Clinton, Catherine. (1984). Plantation Mistress. Pantheon.

Lord of the Flies and Psychology

William Golding’s Lord of the Flies, narrates the story of a group of English boys as they struggle to survive on an uncharted, uninhabited island. The boy’s airplane crashes into the island and kills any adults on board — leaving the boys to fend for themselves. Ralph and Piggy meet each other first and, upon Piggy’s counsel, Ralph decides to call a meeting of all the boys by blowing on a conch shell. The boys quickly begin to form a society in which they elect Ralph as their leader. A boy called Jack quietly disagrees and believes that he should lead the group. As times passes, Jack and his choir become hunters for the rest of the boys and they begin to enjoy the ways of a predator. As Jack grows more savage, he becomes unhappy with the way that Ralph leads the boys and decides that he will go to the other side of the island and start his own tribe. Boys slowly begin to leave Ralph to join Jack. The boys become so savage that they kill two boys and they plan to kill Ralph. Just as Jack has cornered Ralph, a naval officer appears and rescues them all. Golding depicts not only the struggle of the boys to survive, but also the psychological reasoning that leads the boys to abandon the civilized nature that they know. Through characterization and setting Golding creates in his novel, an ideal forum for validating psychological principles introduced by Sigmund Freud, Alfred Adler, and Carl Jung. Sigmund Freud was a psychologist who pioneered the thought that the mind contains three different levels, the id, the ego, and the superego. The id bases itself on the pleasure principle; it meets basic needs. The id wants a quick satiation of needs and has no consideration for the reality of a situation. The ego bases itself on the reality principle, it understands that other people have needs and desires and that impulsiveness or selfishness can cause harm in the future. The ego meets the needs of the id, while taking the reality of the situation into consideration. The Superego develops due to the moral and ethical restraints placed on a child by influential adults in their lives. One could compare the superego to the conscience, as it dictates belief of right and wrong. Golding acknowledges these different states of consciousness within his novel by using characters to represent each one. For instance, Jack represents the id. Jack never takes into consideration the best thing for the group or himself in the long run and he holds himself accountable to no set of rules or any code of ethics. â€Å"Bollocks to the rules! We're strong – we hunt! If there's a beast, we'll hunt it down! We'll close in and beat and beat and beat† (91). Jack addresses the issue of a beast believed to inhabit the island by filling his thirst for violence and neglecting to take into consideration that confronting a beast will most likely lead to danger. Jack’s reasoning involves selfish motives; he wants to get rid of the beast, he wants to kill, he does not care that he has potentially placed the others in a dangerous situation, nor does he realize the ludicrousness of the beast, Jack has neglected reality entirely. Piggy represents the ego. He constantly tries to reason with the other boys, when he and Ralph first meet, Piggy understands that the other boys also landed on the island and someone needs to find and help them. â€Å"We got to find the others. We got to do something† (14). Piggy also realizes that the boys will most likely stay on the island for a while before someone rescues them — if someone ever rescues them at all. Piggy understands the boys while staying in touch with reality and he knows that if he does not find the smaller boys and take care of them, they will die. Piggy comprehends the seriousness of their predicament and realizes what it will take to keep everyone in order and alive. Simon represents the superego because he adheres to the principles instilled in him by society and civilization. After Jack has killed a pig for the first time, he and his clan approach while chanting, Piggy whimpers and â€Å"Simon hushed him quickly as though he had spoken too loudly in church† (69). Simon’s conscience keeps Piggy in line even when dealing with savage Jack. Towards the end of the novel, the other boys savagely murder Simon; when the boys kill Simon they also kill their conscience, they kill the rules and implications set upon them in order to keep society civilized and from this point until the boys get rescued their savage nature completely takes over and nothing holds them back any longer. Alfred Adler believed that personality difficulties are rooted in a feeling of inferiority. He also believed that people focus on maintaining control over their lives. Golding shows these ideas in his novel. Piggy, Ralph, and Jack all have issues with inferiority and control, in some way each of them feels inferior and each them strives for control. The other boys consider Piggy substandard to them because physically he is not their equal, Piggy realizes that the other boys perceive him this way and tries to make up for it with his intellect and emphasis on the rules, which leads into Piggy’s control issue he tries to use control to counter act the feeling of being out-classed. Jack always strives for superiority, from the very beginning Jack feels that he should be chief instead of Ralph. Jack crumbles underneath his need to become more superior than Ralph and decides to takes control of his situation and forms his own tribe. Jack tries to control his life by getting his way and convincing other boys to get his way as well. Ralph fears inferiority, leadership thrusts itself upon Ralph but he holds his position in very high regard. As Ralph loses support from his tribe, he loses his superiority and he begins to lose faith in himself and become more nervous. Ralph does not like the loss of control in his tribe or in his life, the signal fire and getting the boys to help him make shelters was so important to him for this reason. Adler studied various types of people and he came to the conclusion that there are the four main types of people: The ruling type that tries to control others, the getting type that tends to go along with others ideas, the avoiding type that tries to isolate themselves to avoid defeat, the socially useful type that values having control over their lives and strive to do good things for the sake of society. Jack represents the ruling type with his demand that the boys do as he says â€Å"‘go on’ the two savages looked at each other, raised their spears together and spoke in time. ‘The chief has spoken’ â€Å"(141). Jack thrives off of ruling and absolute power. Sam and Eric fit into the category of the getting type, they tend to go along with and do what others tell them to do. Whenever Ralph is their chief they listen to him and go along with what he says, and then when Jack captures them and takes them to his tribe they adhere to his code and do what he says. Sam and Eric follow — they do not contribute to creative thought but they willingly take part in its aftermath. Simon represents the avoiding type, he largely keeps to himself, and he goes and finds a secret place where he can sit alone in the quiet with his thoughts. Ralph represents the socially useful type, he likes to have control of the boys but, unlike Jack he wants them to do things for the betterment of the group. Adler’s ideas come to life in Golding’s Lord of the Flies. Psychologist Carl Jung believed that symbol creation was a key in understanding human nature. Symbols express something essentially unknown in the best way possible. The boys in Lord of the Flies create a symbol for their fear, at times the boys feel afraid and they cannot exactly express why. The boys create the symbol of the beast because they cannot touch or see their fear and so they imagine a beast that they could touch and see. Whenever Simon recognizes that the thing to fear lies within the boys he also creates a symbol, the Lord of the flies. Jung also believed that the introvert and the extrovert make up the main components of personality. The introvert, like Simon, tends to keep to themselves, and find more interest in ideas than in people. â€Å"Simon paused. He looked over his shoulder as jack had done at the close ways behind him and glanced quickly around to confirm that he was utterly alone† (56). The extrovert however, is outgoing and socially oriented. Both Jack and Piggy fit the description of extroverts because, they both freely express their ideas and long for others to hear and admire them. According to Jung a person that has a healthy personality can realize these opposite tendencies and can express each. Ralph most closely adheres to Jung’s theory about healthy personality. Ralph has a need for socialization but, he also knows when he needs time for reflection and thought, many times Ralph wishes that he had time to gather his thoughts before he had to go and present them in front of the rest of the tribe. When reading Lord of the Flies some readers may miss the latent meaning and only focus on the manifest. Readers who do not take in deeper psychological nature of the novel would attribute the boy’s different reaction to the island, to differences in personality and background instead of the boys taking on the image of the different levels of consciousness. This reader might think that they could not keep order simply because they are just young boys when their real motives were their subconscious need for superiority. The entire novel deals with the psychological principles set forth by Freud, Adler, and Jung; it could be considered a case study that verifies the very things that these psychologists believed.

Internet Radio Station Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Internet Radio Station - Essay Example Internet radio stations present an array of choices for audiences with specialized taste in music. Depending on one’s mood, one can easily access an internet radio station and choose a specific program that will suit his/her taste. In addition, there are few advertisements in internet radio, which means that more music is played on the airtime. What I primarily disliked about internet radio is the lack of live DJs who introduce and comment on the songs. Although radio is traditionally a one-way form of communication, the presence of live DJs in them gives the medium a human dimension. Internet radio, in contrast, felt mechanical; it can be likened to listening to a CD or recorded music that is, once in a while, interrupted by canned voices and advertisements. I will definitely listen to that station again because it plays 80s music which I really like and cannot find readily on traditional radio. The program offers an extensive music collection which shows the upbeat and energetic vibe of the 80s. Listening to that radio station reminds me of a lot of things about the 80s. In addition, I will listen to internet radio again because the medium offers immediacy, which is not possible in traditional radio. Whatever type of music I want to listen to anytime can be found on the internet. In traditional radio, sometimes one has to make a request in order for his/her favorite song to get played. Although internet radio does not receive request from audiences, it offers a huge collection of specialized music which can be accessed

Differentiating Between Market Structure Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Differentiating Between Market Structure - Essay Example Beachbody operates under a perfect competitive market whereby a number of a companies has been in the industry to provide this highly demanded product by the consumers. In this field, a number of firms are in operation to provide this demanded products by the customers. Similarly, many customers are lining up to get the best services from these firms in terms of their needs. When running such a business, the decision must be made to ensure the success of the business and maximization of the profits. Understanding the market structures and some of the fundamental economic principle that are in operational in such a market helps Beachbody to make informed decisions that have profound potential to impact all the processes of the business from sales to consumer retention. In reality, a perfectly competitive market rarely exists. In essence, the concept associated with perfect competition is used to provide a benchmark for analyzing this market structures. A firm is operating in a perfectly competitive market conducts business in a market with many buyers and sellers. The products in the market are almost identical with just a few differentiation and have very few barriers to market entry if any. The firms in such a market face an entirely horizontal demand curve. This translate to the fact that the firms act as the prices takers in the market. As long as any firm is in operation it can sell as much or as little as it wishes. However, the management must understand that setting up the prices above the market price will lose the customers to the competitors. The customer would purchase the exact product from another firm hence negatively impacting on the sales of the company. On this note, Beach body, having a number of competitors in the market such as Jenny Craig, Inc., Weight Watchers International, Inc. and Nutrisystem, Inc. need to set up the prices in a way that

Environmental Ethics Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words - 2

Environmental Ethics - Essay Example ( McCann, 2003). Today, many feminist supports that our environment is apparently a feminist issue. This philosophy has been really popular and many relate the ethics of the environment to feminism and have their contradictions over the patriarchal issue and the biases as well as the dominance that comes in hand with the situation. One needs to understand in depth the basis of this philosophy. "A feminist uses gender analysis as the starting point; gender is the lens through which the initial description and analysis occur." (Warren, 2000) Similarly like feminism many forms of ecofeminism prevail. Ecofeminism is basically a name given to various feminist practices and philosophical ideas. These various approaches not only represent feminism but also how different forces of nature play and how they can overcome environmental concerns. Some examples of different perspective are: liberal, Marxist, black etc. Therefore various environmental philosophical positions that accepts feminine issues and support feminism are generally referred to as ecofeminist positions. "Views which uncritically embrace unified or one stance views of feminine sides of gender dichotomies are not feminist; they are better understood as ecofeminine than ecofeminist. They are, in fact, dangerous views from a genuinely feminist perspective." (Darion, 1999) The question here arises that what does one perceive about ecofeminism? What makes this philosophy so concrete that it stands as a complete concept which deals with its theoretical support or the political movement? Although there are significant differences between ecofeminism and feminism from which it has actually rooted, but all ecofeminist agree about certain things which are prominent in feminism. For instance, there is always a significant link between the dominant forces of nature and women, which is essential to understand three things that is feminism, philosophy of the environment and environmentalism. The

Musical Eras Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Musical Eras - Essay Example a. Chants – The earliest commonly known music was most probably medieval chants. This type of music was found in Jewish and early Christian music and consisted of chanting or singing the Psalms. Chants were developed to regionally to follow local liturgies. Monks often were responsible for singing the chants. One early Monk made a big impression on medieval music. Guido d’Arrezo, an Italian Monk, created the original Do, Re, Me, using his hand (Neff, 2007). The Guidonian Hand was a chart that put notes on the right hand. This easy to learn chart was a system to help people learn the notes. His original Do, Re, Me sounded much like the song Julie Andrews sang in the 1959 musical â€Å"The Sound Of Music† (Neff, 2007). During his lifetime d’Arrezo trained singers at a local cathedral. The Roman Catholic Church made good use of chants using them in their daily and special masses. Most European or American educated individuals are familiar with Gregorian Chants that were very much a part of the early Catholic Church literagy. b. Goliards – Goliards are best described as poet-musicians. These musicians were made up of scholars who sang and recited poetry in Latin. It is believed they played a big part in the development of the Troubadours. Some Goliards were secular and some were religious. Because they were scholars and literate they were able to write songs down.

Capital Punishment Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Capital Punishment - Essay Example After 2004, lethal injection (perceived by many as the least gruesome way of executing someone), hanging and beheading were the main methods used. Electrocution and the gas chamber are used in the United States only if the inmates wish to be executed by these methods. Stoning to death for sexual offences still occurs in some Islamic countries, notably Pakistan.2 From 1990 to 2003 Amnesty International reported a global average of 2,242 executions per year. In 2003 Amnesty reported 1,146 executions in 28 countries, 88% of them in just 5 countries: The People’s Republic of China 726, Iran 108, the U.S. 65, Vietnam 64 and Saudi Arabia 52.3 The figures reported by Amnesty in 2004 showed an increase over the previous year, totaling 3,797 executions in 25 countries, about 90% of them (3,400) in The People’s Republic of China, 230 in Iran, 64 in Vietnam, and 59 in Opposition to Capital Punishment began in Europe in the 1750s. Persons like Cesare Beccaria (Italian jurist), Voltaire (French philosopher), Jeremy Betham and Samuel Romilly (English law reformers) declared that Capital Punishment was inhumane and should be replaced by life imprisonment.5 Today, Capital Punishment has been abolished in the vast majority of democracies in Europe and Latin America, while it is still retained in most democracies in Asia, the U.S. and almost all totalitarian governments. In the U.S., the Supreme Court abolished it in 1972 on the grounds that it was being applied in an arbitrary and capricious manner which constituted cruel and unjust punishment (Furman v Georgia 1972).6 On July 2, 1976 in deciding the case Gregg v Georgia, the Supreme Court legalised capital punishment.7 Today following a four-year moratorium, Capital Punishment was reinstated in 1976. Today, it is followed in 36 States as well as by the Federal Government.8 Capital Punishment is a far better tool than life imprisonment primarily considering the saving of State and

PE lessons a week Essay Example for Free

PE lessons a week Essay Along with the need explained above Lucy will need other needs as she is a child. Lucy is growing and developing her Physical, Intellectual, Emotional and social needs all the time. Due to this Lucy will need health care needs as she will need Jabs from the doctors as she will need to be protected against diseases and illnesses. The school achieve this need of Lucys the school have school nurses which give the jabs to the children. Also they help her stay healthy as they make sure they are healthy in the lunches they provide and have a balanced diet, do regular exercise and have a good hygiene. They also provide warmth for the children. They make sure that she is healthy and has a balanced diet they have school dinners which are healthy. They also provide health school dinners because a child needs to have food as it will help her brain to function well and learn properly. They provide these children with fruits at break time and healthy sandwiches and soups and rice and curry for lunchtime. It is important that Lucy gets some food like vegetables and fruits. They make sure that they have regular exercise the children have one or two PE lessons a week so they will be exercising at school even if they dont exercise at home. They also help them to keep fit because they have two playtimes and one lunchtime a day. During these times the children will be running around the playground and playing with toys and skipping ropes so they will be exercising their muscles. They provide good hygiene as they provide the use of clean toilets for the children to access. They also provide cleans clothes for the children when they urinate themselves or other accidents occur. These services helps Lucy physically as she will be active all the time and will be normal size and not overweight or obese. These services also help Lucy to build her stamina, suppleness and her strength so she is fitter than usual. It will help her intellectually as she is provided with education and experiences on new things everyday. It also helps her intellectually as she will be learning new skills and the main thing a new language which is the most important thing in her life. It will help Lucy emotionally as she will feel better about herself as she knows that people are there for her whenever she needs it. It will make her socially as she will have friends. The subject that Lucy learns at school that helps her with her intellectual needs are: * Mathematics: the teacher teaches mathematics to the students and to the students as she uses blocks and large numbers to help them understand with what they are learning for learners who are visual. She also writes the solutions on the board so they can also see it and check their answers with the ones on the board. * Science: they are taught science through little object which represent the topics that they are studying. They also get A3 sheets of paper which have some objects and word on them and the pupils have to match them. The teacher also uses worksheets and performs activities with them to help them understand in depth. * Literacy: they are taught literacy as the teacher reads to the children and then they are asked to answer questions on the story that the teacher has read out to them to see how much of the story they have understood. * Art: the teacher teaches them art mainly through making them draw pictures and paint them. The teacher also give the children printed versions of picture and make them colour inside the lines to make sure that they are neat. The developmental needs that Lucy will have are new experiences, education and books. The placement meets Lucys need about new experiences as they provide Lucy with different types of environment throughout the school year. They also take the children to trips where they learn about different places and their related topics. They provide education as Lucy is taught everyday in school and also sets reading tasks for Lucy to carry out at home with her parents. The provide books for the children as they provide free reading books for the children and free exercise books for the children to write on. They also provide free pens, pencils, and other equipment to do with art.